Book on Things which are Forbidden
254. Chapter: The prohibition against backbiting and the command to guard the tongue
Allah says, "Do not backbite one another Would any of you like to eat his brother's dead flesh? No, you would hate it ÉBut have taqwa of Allah. Allah is Ever-Returning, Most Merciful," (49:12) and He says, "Do not pursue what of which you have no knowledge of hearing, sight, and hearts will all be questioned." (17:36) Allah says, "He does not utter a single word without a watcher by him, pen in hand." (50:18)
1511. Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who believes in Allah and the Last Day, should speak good words or be silent." [Agreed upon]
This hadith clearly indicates that he should not speak unless the words he speaks are good. That means speech whose benefit is clear. If there is any doubt about benefit occurring, he should not speak.
1512. Abu Musa said, "I said, 'Messenger of Allah, whose Islam is best?' He said, 'The one from whose tongue and hands the Muslims are safe.'" [Agreed upon]
1513. Sahl ibn Sa'd reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who safeguards for My sake what is between his jaws and what is between his legs, I will safeguard the Garden for him." [Agreed upon]
1514. Abu Hurayra reported that he heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "A slave of Allah might say something, without realising its seriousness, which causes him to slip into the Fire by a greater margin than the distance between the east and the west." [Agreed upon]
1515. Abu Hurayra is that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A slave of Allah might say something which pleases Allah Almighty without realising it on account of which Allah raises him some degrees. A slave of Allah might say something which angers Allah Almighty without realising it on account of which he falls into Jahannam." [al-Bukhari]
1516. Abu 'Abdu'r-Rahman Bilal ibn al-Harith al-Muzani reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A man may say something which pleases Allah Almighty without him realising the full extent of its implication, and because of it, Allah prescribes His pleasure for him until the Day he meets Him. And a man may likewise say something which angers Allah without him realising the full extent of its implication, and because of it, Allah prescribes His wrath for him until the Day he meets Him. [Malik in al-Muwatta' and at-Tirmidhi]
1517. Sufyan ibn 'Abdullah said, "I said, 'Messenger of Allah, tell me something I can cling to.' He said, 'Say: "My Lord is Allah" and then go straight.' I said, 'Messenger of Allah, what is the thing you fear most for me?' He took hold of his tongue and then said, 'This.'" [at-Tirmidhi]
1518. Ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do not say much without mentioning Allah. A lot of talk without mentioning Allah Almighty makes people's hearts hard. The furthest of people from Allah are the hard-hearted." [at-Tirmidhi]
1519. Abu Hurayra said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Anyone whom Allah protects from the evil of what is between his jaws and the evil of what is between his legs will enter the Garden.'" [at-Tirmidhi]
1520. 'Uqba ibn 'Amir said, "I said, 'Messenger of Allah, what ensures safety?' He said, 'Holding your tongue, keeping to your house and weeping for your sins.'" [at-Tirmidhi]
1521. Abu Sa'id al-Khudri reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When the son of Adam starts the day, all his limbs supplicate his tongue, saying, 'Fear Allah in respect of us. We move by you. If you go straight, we go straight. If you go crooked, we go crooked.'" [at-Tirmidhi]
1522. Mu'adh said, "I said, 'Messenger of Allah, tell me of an action which will admit me to the Garden and keep me far from the Fire.' He said, 'You have asked about a great matter, but it is easy for the one to whom Allah Almighty makes it easy: worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him, do the prayer, pay the zakat, fast Ramadan and go on hajj to the House.' Then he said, 'Shall I direct you to the gates of good? Fasting, which is a protection, and sadaqa, which extinguishes mistakes as water extinguishes fire, and the prayer of a man in the middle of the night.' Then he recited, 'Their sides eschew their beds' until he reached 'what it used to do.' (32:16-17) Then he said, 'Shall I tell you of the head of the matter, its support and its peak?' I said, 'Yes indeed, Messenger of Allah.' He said, 'The head of the matter is Islam and its support is the prayer and its peak is jihad.' Then he said, 'Shall I tell you of the foundation of all that?' I said, 'Yes, indeed, Messenger of Allah.' He took hold of his tongue and said, 'Restrain this.' I said, 'Messenger of Allah, will we be taken to task for what we say ?' He said, 'May your mother be bereaved! Are people thrown on their faces into the Fire for anything but the harvest of their tongues?'" [at-Tirmidhi]
1523. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do you know what backbiting is?" They said, "Allah and His Messenger know best." He said, "To mention your brother in a manner he dislikes." It was said, "What if my brother is as I say?" He said, "If he is as you said, you have backbitten him. If he is not as you said, you have slandered him." [Muslim]
1524. Abu Bakra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said in his khutba on the Day of Sacrifice during the Farewell Hajj, "Your blood, your property and your honour are sacred to you, like the sacredness of this day in this month in this city. Have I not conveyed it?" [Agreed upon]
1525. 'A'isha said, "I said to the Prophet, 'Such-and-such should be enough for you in respect of Safiyya.' (Some of the transmitters say that she meant her shortness.) He said, 'You have said something that, if it were mixed with the water of the ocean, would still pollute it!' [She said,] I said, 'I related something unpleasant about someone to him and he said, "I would not like to relate anything unpleasant about someone, even if I were to receive such-and-such a thing [for doing it]."'" [Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi]
1526. Anas reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When I ascended through the heavens, I passed by some people holding copper nails with which they were gouging their faces and chests. I said, 'Who are these, Jibril?' He said, 'Those are the people who consumed people's flesh and attacked their honour.'" [Abu Dawud]
1527. Abu Hurayra stated that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The blood, honour and property of every Muslim is sacred for another Muslim." [Muslim]
255. Chapter: On the prohibition against listening to backbiting. The command that someone who hears backbiting should refute it or object to it being said. If he is unable to do that or the speaker does not accept his objection, then he should leave that gathering if he can.
Allah Almighty says, "When they hear worthless talk, they turn away from it," (28:55) and the Almighty says, "Those who turn away from worthless talk." (23:3) The Almighty says, "Hearing, sight and hearts will be questioned," (17:36) and the Almighty says, "When you see people engrossed in mockery of Our signs, turn away from them until they start to talk of other things. And if Shaytan should cause you to forget, once you remember, do not stay sitting with the wrongdoers." (6:68)
1528. Abu'd-Darda' reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "On the Day of Rising Allah will defend from the Fire the face of anyone who defends the honour of his brother." [at-Tirmidhi]
1529. 'Itban ibn Malik said in the famous long hadith which was reported from him in the chapter on hope, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, stood up to pray and said, 'Where is Malik ibn ad-Dukhshum?' A man said, 'That man is a hypocrite who does not love Allah and His Messenger.' The Prophet said, 'Do not say that. Do you not see that he has said, "There is no god but Allah," desiring by that only the face of Allah? Allah has forbidden the Fire for anyone who says "There is no god but Allah" desiring by that the face of Allah.'" [Agreed upon]
1530. Ka'b ibn Malik said in his long hadith about the story of his repentance which was given in the Chapter of Repentance, "While he was sitting among the people at Tabuk, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'What has Ka'b ibn Malik done? A man of the Banu Salima said, 'O Messenger of Allah, he has been held back by his two cloaks and self-conceit.' Mu'adh ibn Jabal said to him, 'What an evil thing to say! By Allah, Messenger of Allah, we only know good of him!' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was silent." [Agreed upon]
256. Chapter: On what is permitted in talking about people
Know that talking about people is permitted for a sound legal reason which can only be realised by doing that. There are six reasons for which it is allowed:1. Being a victim of injustice. The person who has been wronged is permitted to complain about that to the ruler or qadi or others in authority or those who have the power to rectify the injustice. He says, "So-and-so has wronged me."
2. Seeking help to alter something objectionable or to return someone who disobeys Allah to the correct path. He says to the one he hopes will remove what is objectionable (munkar), "So-and-so is doing such-and-such, so restrain him from it. That is allowed if his aim is to remove that objectionable. Otherwise it is forbidden.
3. Asking for a fatwa. He says to the mufti, "My father (brother, spouse or so-and-so) has wronged me by such-and-such. Can he do that? How can I be saved from it and obtain my right and remove the injustice?" This is permitted as it is legal argument, but it is better to be more circumspect and say, "What do you say about a man, person or spouse who does such-and-such?" Then he will obtain what he desires without mentioning him specifically, although it is nonetheless permitted to mention him specifically.
4. Warning the Muslims about evil and advising them. There are various forms of that. Part of that is invalidating the testimony of witnesses and transmitters. That is permitted by consensus. Indeed, it is mandatory because of need. Another instance is consultation about someone as a potential in-law, partner, keeper of a deposit or employee, or the like, or neighbour. Then the one consulted must not conceal his state and must mention his bad qualities with the aim of giving good advice. Another case is when someone sees someone learning fiqh frequenting an innovator or impious person to study with them and he fears that the student of fiqh will be harmed by that. Then he must give him good advice by explaining the person's situation, always provided that his intention is to give advice. This is something in which it is possible to err and the speaker may be moved by envy to do that and Shaytan confuses the matter for him so that he imagines that it is good advice. Another case is when someone has guardianship which he does not administer properly, either because he does not deal properly with it, or is impious or neglectful or the like. Then it is obliged to mention that to the one with general authority so that he can remove it and appoint someone who will look after it properly, or in order that he knows that about him so that he can deal with him appropriately and not be deceived by him.
5. When someone is open about his impiety or innovation, like someone who drinks wine openly, oppresses people, imposes tolls on people and taxes property unjustly and engages in false matters. What he does openly is mentioned, but it is forbidden to mention other faults he has unless it is for another justifiable cause.
6. Recognition. When a person is known by a nickname, like al-A'mash (the blear-eyed), al-A'raj (the lame), al-Asamm (the deaf), and the like, it is permitted that they be known as that but it is forbidden to use it to deprecate them. It is better if there is another way of identifying the person.
These are six reasons which scholars mentioned and there is agreement on most of them. The evidence for that in sound hadiths is well-known.
1531. 'A'isha reported that a man asked permission to visit the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he said, 'Give him permission. He is an evil brother of the tribe.'" [Agreed upon]
Al-Bukhari used it as a proof for the permissibility of speaking ill of the people of corruption and people of doubt.
1532. 'A'isha reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I do not think that so-and-so and so-and-so know anything about our deen." [al-Bukhari]
Al-Layth ibn Sa'd, one of the transmitters of this hadith, said, "These two men were among the hypocrites."
1533. Fatima bint Qays said, "I went to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'Abu'l-Jahm and Mu'awiya have both proposed marriage to me.' The Messenger of Allah said, 'Mu'awiya is poor and without property. Abu'l-Jahm does not put down the staff from his shoulder.'" [Agreed upon]
In a version of Muslim, "As for Abu'l-Jahm, he beats women," which explains the transmission, "He does not put down the staff from his shoulder." It is also said to mean he travels a lot.
1534. Zayd ibn Arqam said, "We went out with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on a journey during which the people suffered considerable hardship. 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy said, 'Do not spend on those who are with the Messenger of Allah so that they become disunited.' He said, 'When we return to Madina, the mightier will drive out the humbler from it.' I went to the Messenger of Allah and told him that and he sent for 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy who took a strong oath swearing that he had not said it. They said, 'Zayd has lied to the Messenger of Allah," and I felt great distress inside me because of what they had said until Allah Almighty sent down a confirmation (of what I had said): 'When the hypocrites come to you...' (63). Then the Messenger of Allah , may Allah bless him and grant him peace, invited them in order to ask forgiveness for them but they arrogantly turned their heads away." [Agreed upon]
1535. 'A'isha said, "Hind, the wife of Abu Sufyan, asked the Prophet, 'Abu Sufyan is miserly and does not give me enough for me and my children unless I take it from him without his knowledge.' He said, 'Take what is reasonably enough for you and your children.'" [Agreed upon]
257. Chapter: On the prohibition against slander, which is carrying tales between people in order to create trouble
Allah says, "A backbiter, slandermonger," (68:11) and He says, "He does not utter a single word without a watcher by him, pen in hand." (50:18)
1536. Hudhayfa reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A slanderer will not enter the Garden." [Agreed upon]
1537. Ibn 'Abbas reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed by two graves and said, "They are being punished and not for anything very great. One of them did not guard himself from urine and the other was involved in back-biting." [Agreed upon]
The scholars say the meaning of "not for anything very great" is as they claim.
1538. Ibn Mas'ud reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Shall I tell you what slander is? It is backbiting bandied about among people." [Muslim]
258. Chapter: On the prohibition against carrying tales and things that people have said to those in authority if there is no need for that, for instance, fear of corruption, etc.
Allah Almighty says, "Do not help one another to wrongdoing and enmity." (5:2)
1539. Ibn Mas'ud reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "None of my Companions should convey to me anything bad about someone else. I want to come out to you with a clear heart." [Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi]
259. Chapter: on the censure of being two-faced
Allah Almighty says, "They try to conceal themselves from people, but they cannot conceal themselves from Allah. He is with them when they spend the night saying things which are not pleasing to Him. Allah encompasses everything they do." (W4:107;4:108)
1540. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "You will find people to be mines. The best of them in the Jahiliyya are the best of them in Islam when they have understanding. You will find the best of people in this business (of command) to be those who dislike it the most, and you will find the worst of people are the two-faced who come to these people with one face and those people with another face." [Agreed upon]
1541. Muhammad ibn Zayd said that some people said to his grandfather, 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar, "We visit our sultans and speak differently to them than we do when we leave them." He said, "In the time of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, we used to consider this hypocrisy." [al-Bukhari]
260. Chapter: On the prohibition against lying
Allah Almighty says, "Do not pursue what you have no knowledge of," (17:36) and the Almighty says, "He does not utter a single word without a watcher by him, pen in hand." (50:18)
1542. Ibn Mas'ud stated that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Truthfulness leads to piety and piety leads to the Garden. A man should be truthful until he is written down as truthful with Allah. Lying leads to deviance and deviance leads to the Fire. A man will lie until he is written down as a liar with Allah." [Agreed upon]
1543. 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr is that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If anyone has four characteristics, he is a pure hypocrite, and if anyone has one of them, he has an aspect of hypocrisy until he gives it up: whenever he is trusted, he betrays his trust; whenever he speaks, he lies; when he makes an agreement, he breaks it; and when he quarrels, he deviates from the truth by speaking falsely." [Agreed upon]
1544. Ibn 'Abbas reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who relates a dream which he has not really had will have to tie a knot between two grains of barley and will not be able to do it. Anyone who listens to people talking when they do not want him to, will have molten lead poured into his ears on the Day of Rising. Anyone who makes an image will be punished and have to breath a spirit into it but will not be able to do it." [al-Bukhari]
1545. Ibn 'Umar reported said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The worst of lies is when a man says his eyes have seen something which they have not seen." [al-Bukhari]
It means that he says he has dreamt what he did not dream.
1546. Samura ibn Jundub said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would often say to his Companions, 'Who among you had a dream last night?' Then anyone who Allah willed would recount his dream. One morning he said to us, 'During the night two men came to me and said to me, "Come on!" So I went with them. We came to a man who was lying on his back while another man was standing over him with a stone which he dropped onto his head and crushed it. Then the stone rolled away from him and he went after the stone to retrieve it. When he returned to him, his head was whole again and had become as it had been in the first place. So he went back and hit him as he had done the first time. I said to them, "Glory be to Allah! Who are these two?" They said, "Go on! Go on!" We went on and came to a man lying on his back and there was another man standing over him with an iron hook. He went to one side of his face and cut open the side of his mouth until it reached the back of his neck and then his nostril to the back of his neck and his eye to the back of his neck. Then he moved to the other side and did the same thing as he had done to first side. When he finished that side, the first side had become whole again. Then he did the same thing all over again." He said, 'I said, "Glory be to Allah! Who are these two?" They said to me, "Go on! Go on!" and we went on until we came upon something like an oven.'" I think he said, "'In it was a babble and shouting. We looked down into it and it contained naked men and women. The flames would come at them from underneath, and when those flames reached them, they cried out. I said, "Who are they?" They said, "Go on! Go on!" and we went on until we came to a river.'" I think that he said, "'Red like blood. In the river there was a man swimming and on the bank of the river was a man who had many stones with him. When that swimmer swam and reached the one who had gathered the stones, he force his mouth open and make him swallow a stone. Then he would begin to swim and would come back to him again. Whenever he came back to him, he forced open his mouth and made him swallow a stone. I said to them, "Who are these two?" They said to me, "Go on! Go on!" and we went on until we came to a man with a repulsive appearance - or the most repulsive man you have ever seen. He was at a fire which he was kindling and which he was running around. I said to them, "Who is this?' They said to me, "Go on! Go on!" and we went on until we came to a green meadow with every type of spring flower in it. There was in the middle of the meadow a man so tall that I could scarcely see his head, so high it was in the sky. Around the man were the greatest number of children I have ever seen. I said, "Who is this? Who are those?" They said to me, "Go on! Go on!" and we went on until we reached a huge tree and I have never seen any tree bigger or more beautiful than it. They said to me, "Climb it." We climbed it and came to a city built of gold and silver bricks. We came to the door of the city and asked for it to be opened and it was opened for us and we entered it. We were met by men half of whose physique was the most beautiful you have ever seen and the other half was the ugliest you have ever seen. The two said to them, "Go and plunge into that river." There was a wide river flowing there whose water was pure white. They went and jumped into it and when they returned to us, that evil had left them and they had the most beautiful form.' He said, 'They said to me, "This is the Garden of Eden, and that is your place." I raised my eyes upwards and there was a castle like a white cloud. They said to me, "This is your place." I said to them, "May Allah bless you, let me enter it." They said, "No, not now. But you will enter it." I said to them, "This night I have seen marvels, but what are these things which I have seen?'" They said to me, "We will tell you. The first man to whom you came whose head was being crushed with the stone is a man who memorised the Qur'an and then abandoned it and slept through the obligatory prayers. As for the man you came to whose jaw was split to his neck, whose nostril to his neck and whose eye to his neck, he was a man who went from his house and told lies which spread everywhere. As for the naked men and women who were in something like an oven, they were adulterers and adulteresses. The man you came to who was swimming in the river and being made to swallow stones used to consume usury. The man with the disagreeable appearance who was at the fire, kindling it and running around it was Malik, the guardian of Jahannam. The tall man in the meadow was Ibrahim. The children who were around him are all those who were born and died in the natural state. [The variant of al-Barqani has, 'born in the natural state.']'"
One of the Muslims asked, "Messenger of Allah, the children of the idolaters as well?" The Messenger of Allah said, "The children of the idolaters as well." '"As for the people who were half beautiful and half ugly, they are the people who mixed righteous actions with evil actions. Allah overlooked them."'" [al-Bukhari]
In one of the variants of al-Bukhari, "But in the night I dreamt that two men came to me and took me by the hand and brought me to the Holy Land." Then he mentioned it and said, "We went on until we came upon a hole like an oven. Its top was narrow and its bottom wide, and there was a fire kindled under it. When the flames flared up, the people were lifted until they were almost out and when it subsided, they returned into it. It contained naked men and women." In it is, "until we came to a river of blood in the middle of which there was a man standing together with another man carrying some stones in front of him. The man in the river came forward and when he tried to get out, the other man threw a stone into his mouth and he went back to where he had been before. Whenever he tried to get out, the other would throw a stone in his mouth and he would go back to where he had been before." In it is, "The two men made me climb the tree and took me into a house which was more beautiful than any I had ever seen. In it were some old men, young men, women and children." In it is, "As for the one you saw whose jaw was being torn open, he was liar who told lies that were relayed from him until they spread everywhere. So that is what will be done to him until the Day of Rising," and "The man you saw whose head was being crushed was someone to whom Allah had taught the Qur'an who used to sleep without reciting it at night and did not act by it during the day. That will be done to him until the Day of Rising." And, "The first house you entered was the house of the generality of believers. This house is the house of those killed fighting in the way of Allah. I am Jibril and this is Mika'il. Raise your head." I raised my head and above me was something like a cloud. They said, "This is your destined place." I said, "Let me enter my place." They said, "You still have some of your life left which has not been completed. If it were complete, you would have come to your place."
261. Chapter: On the clarification of what lying is permitted
Know that lying, even if it is basically forbidden, is permitted in certain cases with certain preconditions which I explained in the Kitab al-Adhkar. In brief, words are a means to ends. If any goal which is praiseworthy can be obtained without lying, then it is forbidden to lie in it. If it can only be obtained by lying, then it is permitted to lie. If the goal is permissible, then the lie is permissible, and if the goal is mandatory, then lying is mandatory. If a Muslim is hiding from a wrongdoer who wants to kill him or take his property which he has hidden and a man is asked about him, it is mandatory to lie to conceal him. The same is true if he has a deposit and a wrongdoer wants to take it: he must lie to conceal it. It is more circumspect for him to use allusion and to employ expressions which are not lies in themselves although they give a false impression. If he actually lies, it is not forbidden in such a case.Scholars find the permission to lie in this case in the hadith of Umm Kulthum who heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "The one who puts things right between people and produces (or says) good is not a liar." [Agreed upon]
Muslim's variant adds, "Umm Kulthum said, "I did not hear him make an allowance regarding anything that people say except in three cases: in war, putting things right between people, and what a man says to his wife and a wife says to her husband.
262. Chapter: On the encouragement to verify what one says and relates
Allah Almighty says, "Do not pursue what you have no knowledge of," (17:36) and the Almighty says, "He does not utter a single word without a watcher by him, pen in hand." (50:18)
1547. Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "It is enough of a lie for a man to talk about everything he hears." [Muslim]
1548. Samura reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who relates a hadith as coming from me while considering it a false report is one of the liars." [Muslim]
1549. Asma' reported that a woman said, "Messenger of Allah, I have a co-wife. Would it be a sin if I were to pretend to have received something from my husband which he has not given me?" The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,said, "Anyone who pretends to have received something he has not been given is like someone who wears two spurious garments [i.e. someone who dresses up to give a false impression]." [Agreed upon]
263. Chapter: On the clarification of the severe prohibition against giving false witness
Allah says, "And have done with telling lies," (W22:28: 22:30) and the Almighty says, "Do not pursue what you have no knowledge of," (17:36) and the Almighty says, "He does not utter a single word without a watcher by him, pen in hand." (50:18) and the Almighty says, "Your Lord is always lying in wait." (89:14) The Almighty says, "Those who do not bear false witness." (25:72)
1550. Abu Bakr said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Shall I inform you of the greatest of wrong actions?' We said, 'Please do, Messenger of Allah!' He said, 'Associating with Allah, disobedience to parents.' He had been reclining and now sat up and said, 'And false witness.' He continued to repeat it until we said, 'I wish he would be quiet.'" [Agreed upon]
264. Chapter: On the prohibition against cursing a man or an animal
1551. Abu Zayd Thabit ibn ad-Dahhak al-Ansari, one of the people of the Pledge of Ridwan, said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who deliberately swears a false oath that he will adopt another religion than Islam [if he is not telling the truth], it will be as he said. Anyone who kills himself with something, will be punished with that thing on the Day of Rising. An oath which is a man is incapable of fulfilling is not binding on him. Cursing a believer is like killing him." [Agreed upon]
1552. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "It is not fitting for a truthful man to be someone who curses." [Muslim]
1553. Abu'd-Darda' reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "People who curse will not be intercessors nor witnesses on the Day of Rising." [Muslim]
1554. Samura ibn Jundub reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do not curse one another with Allah's curse or His anger or the Fire." [Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi]
1555. Ibn Mas'ud reported said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A believer is not an attacker nor a curser nor someone obscene or abusive." [at-Tirmidhi]
1556. Abu'd-Darda' reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If a slave of Allah curses something, the curse rises to the heaven and the gates of heaven are locked against it. Then it falls to the earth and the gates of the earth are locked against it and then it goes to the right and to the left and when it does not find any entrance, it returns to that which was cursed if it deserves it. Otherwise it returns to the one who said it." [Abu Dawud]
1557. 'Imran ibn al-Husayn said, "On one of the journeys of the Messenger of Allah there was a woman of the Ansar on a she-camel. It was recalcitrant and she cursed it. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, heard that and said, 'Take off what is on it and let it go. It is cursed.'" 'Imran said, "It is as if I could see it now walking among the people and no one turned to it." [Muslim]
1558. Abu Barza Nadla ibn 'Ubayd al-Aslami said, "On one occasion a slavegirl was on a camel with some people's goods and she saw the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. The mountains were hemming them in and she said, 'Move! O Allah, curse it!' The Prophet said, 'A she-camel bearing a curse will not accompany us.'" [Muslim]
The meaning of this hadith is unclear even if there is no unambiguity in it. What is meant is that that camel was forbidden to accompany them. It is not a prohibition against selling it, slaughtering it or riding it not in the company of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. All those uses are permitted and not forbidden with the sole exception of being in his company. Allah knows best.
265. Chapter: On the permission to curse some of those who rebel against Allah without specifying them
Allah Almighty says, "Allah's curse is on the wrongdoers," (11:18) and the Almighty says, "Between them a herald will proclaim, 'May the curse of Allah is on the wrongdoers." (7:44)
It is affirmed in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Allah has cursed anyone who joins hair together and the person asks for it to be joined, "Allah has cursed the one who consumes usury," "He has cursed those make images", "Allah has cursed the one who alters the borders of the land," "Allah curses the thief who steals an egg," 'Allah curses the one who curses his parents," and "Allah curses the one who sacrifices to other than Allah." He also said, "If someone innovates in it or shelters an innovator, the curse of Allah, the angels and all people is on him," and "O Allah, curse Ri'l, Dhakwan, 'Usayya: they have disobeyed Allah and His Messenger." (These were three Arabs tribes.) He said, "Allah has cursed the Jews who took the graves of their Prophets as mosques" and "Allah has cursed men who try to look like women and women who try to look like men."All of these expressions are sound and some are in the Sahih collections of al-Bukhari and Muslim, and some of them are in one of the two collections. We simply indicated them here for the sake of brevity and most are mentioned in various chapters of this book.
266. Chapter: On the prohibition against abusing a Muslim without cause
Allah Almighty says, "And those who abuse believing men and woman, when they have not merited it, bear the weight of slander and clear wrongdoing." (33:58)
1559. Ibn Mas'ud reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Insulting a Muslim is going off the path (fusuq) and killing him is disbelief." [Agreed upon]
1560. Abu Dharr stated that he heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "A man does not accuse another man of iniquity [fisq] or disbelief without that reverting to him if the other man does not have what is imputed to him." [al-Bukhari]
1561. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If people insult one another, the sin of what they say falls exclusively on the one of them who initiated it unless the one wronged exceeds the bounds." [Muslim]
1562. Abu Hurayra said, "A man who had drunk wine was brought to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he said, 'Beat him.'" Abu Hurayra said, "Some of us beat him with their hands and some beat him with sandals and some beat him with their garments. One of the people said, 'May Allah disgrace you!' He said, 'Do not say that. Do not help Shaytan with him.'". [al-Bukhari]
1563. Abu Hurayra said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Anyone who falsely accuses his slave of fornication, will have the hadd-punishment carried out on him on the Day of Rising if the case is not as he said it was." [Agreed upon]
267. Chapter: On the prohibition against abusing the dead without cause and benefit in the Shari'a
That is cautioning against following his innovation, impiety and the like of that.
1564. 'A'isha reported that the Messenger of Allah , may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do not curse the dead. They have arrived at what they sent ahead." [al-Bukhari]
268. Chapter: On forbidding injury
Allah Almighty says, "And those who abuse believing men and woman, when they have not merited it, bear the weight of slander and clear wrongdoing." (33:58)
1565. 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A Muslim is the one from whose tongue and hand the Muslims are safe. An emigrant (muhajir) is someone who abandons what Allah has forbidden." [Agreed upon]
1566. 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who wants to be far from the Fire and to enter the Garden must die believing in Allah and the Last Day, and should only give to other people what he would like to be given to himself." [Muslim]
269. Chapter: On forbidding mutual rancour, cutting one other off and mutual hostility
Allah says, "The believers are brothers" (49:10) and the Almighty says, "Humble to the believers, fierce to the unbelievers." (5:54) The Almighty says, "Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; and those who are with him are fierce to the unbelievers, merciful to one another." (48:29)
1567. Anas reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do not hate one another nor envy one another nor act in a hostile way towards one another nor cut one another off. Be slaves of Allah, brothers. It is not lawful for a Muslim to cut himself off from his brother for more than three days." [Agreed upon]
1568. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The gates of the Garden are opened on Mondays and Thursdays and every slave who does not associate anything with Allah is forgiven except the man between whom and his brother there is rancour. It is said, 'Wait until these two make it up! Wait until these two make it up!'" [Muslim]
One variant has, "Actions are presented every Thursday and Monday."
270. Chapter: On the prohibition against envy
Envy (hasad) is to wish that someone with a blessing should lose it, whether it is in the deen or this world. Allah Almighty says, "Or do they in fact envy other people for the bounty Allah has granted them?" (W4:43; H4:54) The hadith from Anas in the previous chapter deals with it.
1569. Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Beware of envy. Envy devours good actions as fire devours wood." (or he said, "dry grass"). [Abu Dawud]
271. Chapter: On the prohibition against spying
Allah Almighty says, "And do not spy on one another," (49:12) and the Almighty says, "And those who abuse believing men and woman, when they have not merited it, bear the weight of slander and clear wrongdoing." (33:58)
1570. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Beware of suspicion. Suspicion is the falsest kind of speech. Do not spy or pry. Do not be rivals nor envy one another. Do not hate one another nor show enmity to one another. Be slaves of Allah, brothers, as you have been commanded to be. The Muslim is the brother of the Muslim. He does not wrong him nor disappoint him nor despise him. Godfearing is here," and he pointed to his chest. "It is enough evil for a man that he should despise his Muslim brother. The blood, honour and property of every Muslim is sacred to another Muslim. Allah does not look at your bodies nor your forms, but He looks at your hearts and your actions."
In one variant, "Do not envy one another nor hate one another nor spy nor pry nor bid against one another to raise the price and be slaves of Allah, brothers."
In one variant, "Do not cut one another off nor show enmity to one another. Do not hate one another nor envy one another. Be slaves of Allah, brothers.
In one variant, "Do not separate from one another nor should any of you sell against the sale of someone else." [Muslim has all of these variants and al-Bukhari has some.]
1571. Mu'awiya said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'If you seek out the faults of the Muslims, you will corrupt them, or are about to corrupt them.'" [Abu Dawud]
1572. Ibn Mas'ud reported that a man was brought to him and it was said to him, "This is so-and-so and he has drops of wine on his beard." He said, "We were forbidden to pry, but if something is clear to us, then we punish for it." [Abu Dawud]
272. Chapter: On the prohibition against having a bad opinion of the Muslims unnecessarily
Allah Almighty says, "O you who believe! Avoid most suspicion. Indeed some suspicion is a crime." (49:12)
1573. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Beware of suspicion. Suspicion is the falsest kind of speech." [Agreed upon]
273. Chapter: On forbidding against despising the Muslims
Allah Almighty says, "O you who believe! People should not ridicule others who may be better than themselves. Nor should any women ridicule other women who may be better than themselves. And do not find fault with one another or insult each other with derogatory nicknames. How evil it is to have a name for evil conduct after coming to belief! Those people who do not turn from it are wrongdoers." (49:11) And the Almighty says, "Woe to every faultfinding backbiter." (104:1)
1574. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "It is enough evil for a man to despise his brother Muslim." [Muslim]
1575. Ibn Mas'ud reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who has an atom's weight of pride in his heart will not enter the Garden!" A man said, "A man likes his garment to be good and his sandals to be good." He said, "Allah is beautiful and loves beauty. Pride is to disregard the truth and to despise people." [Muslim]
1576. Jundub ibn 'Abdullah reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A man says, 'By Allah, Allah will never forgive so-and-so.' Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says, 'Who is that who swears by Me that I will not forgive so-and so? I have forgiven him and your action has come to nothing." [Muslim]
274. Chapter: On the prohibition against gloating over a Muslim's misfortune
Allah Almighty says, "The believers are brothers" (49:10) and the Almighty says, "People who love to see filth being spread about concerning the believers, will have a painful penalty both in this life and in the Hereafter." (24:19)
1577. Wathila ibn al-Asqa' reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do not delight in someone else's misfortune. Allah may have mercy on him and put you to the test." [at-Tirmidhi]
There is also the hadith transmitted from Abu Hurayra about spying which was already mentioned: "Every Muslim is sacred to another Muslim."
275. Chapter: On forbidding attacking someone's lineage
Allah Almighty says, "And those who abuse believing men and woman, when they have not merited it, bear the weight of slander and clear wrongdoing." (33:58)
1578. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Two things people do have disbelief in them: attacking lineage and wailing over the dead." [Muslim]
276. Chapter: On the prohibition against cheating and deceit
Allah Almighty says, "And those who abuse believing men and woman, when they have not merited it, bear the weight of slander and clear wrongdoing." (33:58)
1579. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who carries arms against us is not one of us. Anyone who cheats us is not one of us." [Muslim]
In one variant of his is that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed by a heap of grain and put his hand into it and his fingers came upon some dampness. He said, "Owner of this grain, what is this?" He said, "The rain caught it, Messenger of Allah." He said, "Why did you not put it on top of the heap so that the people could see it! Anyone who cheats us is not one of us."
1580. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do not bid against each other in order to raise the price." [Agreed upon]
1581. Ibn 'Umar reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade outbidding others merely in order to raise the price." [Agreed upon]
1582. Ibn 'Umar said that a man mentioned to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he was frequently deceived in business. He said, "When you buy, say, 'No cheating.'" [Agreed upon]
1583. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who corrupts a man's wife or slave is not one of us." [Abu Dawud]
277. Chapter: On forbidding treachery
Allah Almighty says, "O you who believe! Fulfil your contracts," (5:1) and the Almighty says, "Fulfil your contracts. Contracts will be asked about." (17:34)
1584. 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If anyone has four characteristics, he is a pure hypocrite, and if anyone has one of them, he has an aspect of hypocrisy until he gives it up: whenever he is trusted, he betrays his trust; whenever he speaks, he lies; when he makes an agreement, he breaks it; and when he quarrels, he deviates from the truth, speaking falsely." [Agreed upon]
1585. Ibn Mas'ud, Ibn 'Umar and Anas said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Every traitor will have a banner on the Day of Rising. It will announce, 'This is the treachery of so-and-so.'" [Agreed upon]
1586. Abu Mas'ud al-Khudri reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Every traitor will have a banner behind him on the Day of Rising which will be raised over him according to the extent of his treachery. There is no traitor whose treachery is greater than a people's ruler." [Muslim]
1587. Abu Hurayra reported the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said, "Allah Almighty said, 'I will be the antagonist of three people on the Day of Rising: a man who makes a covenant in My name and then betrays it, a man who sells a free man and then consumes the money he gets for him, and a man who hires an employee and gets full work from him and then does not pay him his wages.'" [al-Bukhari]
278. Chapter: On the prohibition against using a gift to cause a sense of indebtedness
Allah Almighty says, "You who believe! Do not nullify your sadaqa by demands for gratitude or insulting words," (W:263; H2:264) and the Almighty says, "Those who spend their wealth in the Way of Allah, and then do not follow what they have spent by demands for gratitude or insulting words" (W2:261; H2:262)
1588. Abu Dharr reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "There are three people that Allah will not speak to nor look at nor purify on the Day of Rising, and they will have a painful punishment." Abu Dharr said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said it three times." Abu Dharr said, "They are ruined and have lost! Who are they, Messenger of Allah?" He said, "Someone who lets his garment hang down out of pride, someone who makes people indebted to him through doing them favours and someone who tries to sell his goods by making false oaths." [Muslim]
One of Muslim's variants has, "Lets his wrapper hang down."
279. Chapter: On the prohibition against boastfulness and arrogance
Allah says, "So do not claim purity for yourselves. He knows best those who have fear of Him," (W53:31; H53:32) and the Almighty says, "There is only something against those who wrong people and act as tyrants in the earth without any right. Such people will have a painful punishment." (W42:39: H42:42)
1589. 'Iyad ibn Himar reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Allah Almighty has revealed to me that you should be humble in such a way that no one is either overbearing or boastful towards another person." [Muslim]
1590. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When a man says, 'The people are destroyed,' then he is of all of them, the most destroyed.'" [Muslim]
This prohibition is when the person says this out of arrogance and to demean the people and show his elevation over them. This is what is unlawful. If he says it because of the lack of practice of the deen which he sees in people and says it out of sorrow for them and for the deen, there is no harm in it. That is the explanation of the scholars. The notable scholars who said that include Malik ibn Anas, al-Khattabi, al-Humaydi and others. I dealt with it in Kitab al-Adhkar.
280. Chapter: On forbidding Muslims disassociating themselves from one another for more than three days except in the cause of an innovation or clear iniquity or the like
Allah Almighty says, "The believers are brothers, so make peace between your brothers" (49:10) and the Almighty says, "Do not help each other to wrongdoing and enmity." (5:2)
1591. Anas reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do not cut one another off nor have enmity and hatred towards one another. Be slaves of Allah, brothers. It is not lawful for a Muslim to cut himself off from his brother for more than three days." [Agreed upon]
1592. Abu Ayyub reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "It is not lawful for a Muslim to cut himself off from his brother for more than three nights so that when they meet this one turns aside and that one turns aside. The best of them is the one who greets the other first." [Agreed upon]
1593. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Actions are presented every Monday and Thursday, and Allah then forgives every man who does not associate anything with Him except for a man who has rancour for his brother. He says, 'Wait until these two make it up!'" [Muslim]
1594. Jabir said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Shaytan has despaired of being worshipped in the Arabian peninsula by those who do the prayer, but he does sow discord between them." [Muslim]
1595. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "It is not lawful for a Muslim to separate from his brother for more than three days. Anyone who separates himself for more than three days and then dies will enter the Fire." [Abu Dawud]
1596. Abu Khirash Hadrad ibn Abi Hadrad al-Aslami, also called as-Sulami, the Companion, heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "Anyone who separates himself from his brother for a year, it is as if he had shed his blood." [Abu Dawud]
1597. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "It is not lawful for a believer to separate from a believer for more than three days. If it goes beyond three and he meets him, he should greet him. If he returns the greeting, they share in the reward. If he does not return it, he returns with the sin. A Muslim is someone who rejects separation." [Abu Dawud]
Abu Dawud said, "When the separation is for the sake of Allah, none of this applies."
281. Chapter: On the prohibition against two people conversing to the exclusion of a third without his permission except in case of need. It is the same if two people speak in a language which he does not understand.
Allah Almighty says, "Conferring in secret is from Shaytan." (58:10)
1598. Ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When there are three together, two should not speak privately to the exclusion of the third." [Agreed upon]
Abu Dawud related it and added that Abu Salih said, "I asked Ibn 'Umar, 'What about four?' He replied. 'It will not harm you.'"
Malik reported in al-Muwatta' that 'Abdullah ibn Dinar said, "'Abdullah ibn 'Umar and I were at the house of Khalid ibn 'Uqba who was away at the market. A man came who wanted to speak to 'Abdullah ibn Umar and I was the only other person present. 'Abdullah ibn Umar called another man so that we were four and said to me and the man whom he had called, 'Go a little way off together because I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "Two should not converse to the exclusion of a third." ' "
1599. Ibn Mas'ud reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When you are three together, two should not speak together privately apart from the other one until you come together with other people because that might upset him." [Agreed upon]
282. Chapter: On the prohibition against cruelty to a slave, animal, woman, or child without legitimate reason
Allah Almighty says, "Worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him. Be good to your parents and relatives and to orphans and the very poor, and to neighbours who are related to you and neighbours who are not related to you, and to companions and travellers and your slaves. Allah does not love anyone vain or boastful." (4:36)
1600. Ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A woman was punished on account of a cat which she shut up until it died and she entered the Fire. She neither fed it nor gave it anything to drink when she confined it nor did she allow it to eat the earth's rodents and insects." [Agreed upon]
1601. Ibn 'Umar reported that he passed by two lads from Quraysh who had set up a bird and were shooting at it. When they saw Ibn 'Umar, they ran off. Ibn 'Umar said, "Who did this? May Allah curse whoever did this. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, cursed people who used a live creature as a target." [Agreed upon]
1602. Anas said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade tying up animals so that they could be shot at and killed." [Agreed upon]
1603. Abu 'Ali Suwayd ibn Muqarrin said, "I was one of seven brothers of the Banu Muqarrin and we only had one servant. The youngest of us slapped her and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered us to set her free." [Muslim]
1604. Abu Mas'ud al-Badri said, "I was beating a slave with a whip when I heard a voice behind me saying, 'Know, Abu Mas'ud...' I could not make out the voice due to my anger. Then, when he drew near me, there was the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he was saying, 'Know, Abu Mas'ud, that Allah has given you power over this slave.' I said, 'I will never beat a slave after this.'"
In one variant, "The whip fell from his hands out of awe of him."
In one variant, "I said, 'Messenger of Allah, he is free for the sake of Allah Almighty.' He said, 'If you had not done that, the Fire would have burned you,' or 'the Fire would have touched you.'" [Muslim]
1605. Ibn 'Umar reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Whoever strikes or slaps a slave of his punishing him for something he did not do, his reparation is to set him free." [Muslim]
1606. Hisham ibn Hakim ibn Hizam reported that in Syria he passed by some of the Nabatean peasants who had been made to stand in the sun with oil poured on their heads. He said, "What is this?" He was told, "They are being punished on account of the land-tax." (One variant has, "They have been imprisoned on account of the jizya-tax.") Hisham said, "I testify that I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Allah will punish those who torture people in this world.'" He went to the amir and told him and he commanded that they be released. [Muslim]
1607. Ibn 'Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw a donkey with a branded face and he disliked it." Ibn 'Abbas said, "By Allah, I do not brand except as far away from the face as possible." He commanded that his donkey should be branded on its haunches. He was the first to brand on the haunches. [Muslim]
1608. Ibn 'Abbas reported that a donkey which had been branded on its face passed by the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He said, "May Allah curse whoever branded it." [Muslim]
A variant of Muslim also has, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade striking in the face and branding on the face."
283. Chapter: On forbidding punishing with fire any live creature, even an ant
1609. Abu Hurayra said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent us out on an expedition and said, 'If you meet so-and-so and so-and-so - two men of Quraysh whom he named - then burn them with fire.' We came to him to say good-bye and when we wanted to leave, the Messenger of Allah , may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'I ordered you to burn so-and-so and so-and-so with fire. Only Allah punishes by fire. If you come across them, then kill them.'" [al-Bukhari]
1610. Ibn Mas'ud said, "We were with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on a journey and he went to relieve himself. We saw a red bird with two chicks and took the chicks. The red bird came and began to flap its wings. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came back and said, 'Who has distressed this bird by taking its young? Return her young to her.' He saw an ant hill which we had set alight. He said, 'Who has set fire to this?' We replied, 'We did.' He said, 'Only the Lord of the Fire should punish with fire.'" [Abu Dawud]
284. Chapter: On forbidding the rich person to procrastinate paying what he owes
Allah says, "Allah commands you to return to their owners the things you hold on trust," (W4:57; H4:58) and the Almighty says, "If you leave things on trust with another, let the one who is trusted must deliver up his trust." (2:283)
1611. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The procrastination of a rich man is injustice. If the debt of one of you is owed is transferred for payment to a rich man, he should accept the transfer." [Agreed upon]
285. Chapter: On it being disliked for a man to take back his gift whether he has handed it over to the other person or not, and on the gift given to his son, whether it has been handed over or not. On it being disliked to purchase something which he had given as sadaqa, paid as zakat or in expiation from the one to whom he gave it, but there is no objection to him buying it from a third party
1612. Ibn 'Abbas reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Someone who takes back a gift is like a dog returning to its own vomit." [Agreed upon]
1613. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said, "I gave away (a mount) a horse in the way of Allah and the person who had it did not look after it properly. I wanted to buy it back and thought that he would sell it cheaply. I asked the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he said, 'Do not buy it nor take back your sadaqa even if he were to give it to you for a dirham. The one who takes back his sadaqa is like the one who swallows his own vomit.'" [Agreed upon]
286. Chapter: On stressing the inviolability of an orphan's property
Allah Almighty says, "People who consume the property of orphans wrongfully consume nothing in their bellies except Fire. They will roast in a Searing Blaze!" (W4:9; H4:10) and the Almighty says, "And that you do not go near the property of orphans Š except in a good way." (W6:153; H6:152) The Almighty says, "They will ask you about the property of orphans. Say, 'Managing it in their best interests is best.' If you mix your property with theirs, they are your brothers. Allah knows a squanderer from a good manager." (W2:218; H2:220)
1614. Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Avoid the seven fatal sins." They said, "Messenger of Allah, what are they?" He said, "Associating with Allah, sorcery, killing a soul which Allah has forbidden, except by legal right, consuming usury, consuming the property of an orphan, fleeing on the day of battle and slandering unthinking chaste believing women." [Agreed upon]
287. Chapter: On the stern prohibition of usury
Allah Almighty says, "Those who practise usury will not rise from the grave except as someone driven mad by Shaytan's touch. That is because they say, 'Trade is the same as usury.' But Allah has permitted trade and He has forbidden usury. Whoever is given a warning by his Lord and then desists, can keep what he received in the past and his affair is up to Allah. But all who return to it will be the Companions of the Fire, remaining in it timelessly, forever. Allah obliterates usury but makes sadaqa grow in value!" to His words "O you who believe! Show fear of Allah and forgo any remaining usury." (W2:274-277; H2:275-278)
1615. Ibn Mas'ud said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, cursed those who take usury and those who pay it." [Muslim]
At-Tirmidhi added, "And the witnesses to it and those who write it down."
288. Chapter: On forbidding showing-off
Allah Almighty says, "They were only ordered to worship Allah, making their deen sincerely His as people of pure natural faith," (98:5) and the Almighty says, "Do not nullify your sadaqa by demands for gratitude or insulting words, like him who spends his wealth, showing off to people." (W2:263; H2:264) The Almighty says, "Showing off to people, and only remembering Allah a very little." (W4:141; H4:142)
1616. Abu Hurayra said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Allah Almighty says, "Of all those to whom association is attributed, I am the furthest removed from what is associated with Me. Anyone who does an action in which he associates other than Me with Me, I abandon him and what he associates."'" [Muslim]
1617. Abu Hurayra said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'The first of people to be judged on the Day of Rising will be a man who was martyred. He will be brought and will be informed of the blessings he had and will acknowledge them. Allah will say, "What did you do with them?" He will say, "I fought for You until I was martyred." Allah will say, "You lie. Rather you fought so it would be said, 'A bold man!' And so it was said." Then the command will be given and he will be dragged on his face until he is thrown into the Fire. There will also be a man who studied knowledge and taught it and recited the Qur'an. He will be brought and informed of his blessings which he will acknowledge. Allah will say, "What did you do with them?" He will say, "I studied knowledge and taught it and I recited the Qur'an for You." He will say, "You lie. Rather you studied so that it would be said, 'A scholar!' and you recited so that it would be said, 'He is a reciter!' And so it was said." Then the command will be given and he will be dragged on his face until he is thrown into the Fire. There will also be a man to whom Allah gave a lot of wealth and all sorts of property. He will be brought and informed of his blessings which he will acknowledge. Allah will say, "What did you do with them?" He will say, "There was no path in which You like spending to be done but that I spent in it for You." He will say, "You lie. Rather you did it so that it would be said, 'He is generous.' and so it was said." Then the command will be given and he will be dragged on his face until he is thrown into the Fire.'" [Muslim]
1618. Ibn 'Umar stated that some people said to him, "We visit our sultans and speak differently to them than we do when we leave them." Ibn 'Umar said, "In the time of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, we used to consider this hypocrisy." [al-Bukhari]
1619. Jundub ibn 'Abdullah ibn Sufyan said that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Whoever wants his action to be known, Allah will make him known [i.e. on the Day of Rising], and whoever wants to be seen, Allah will make him seen [then]." [Agreed upon]
1620. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who learns knowledge which should be learned for the sake of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, only to obtain by it goods of this world, will not experience the scent of the Garden on the Day of Rising." [Abu Dawud]
289. Chapter: What might be considered showing-off, but which is not actually showing-off
1621. Abu Dharr said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was asked, 'What do you think of a man who does a good action and people praise him for it?' He replied, 'That is the immediate good news of the believer.'" [Muslim]
290. Chapter: On forbidding looking at unrelated women and handsome youths without a legitimate reason
Allah says, "Say to the believing men that they should lower their eyes," (24:30) and He says, "Hearing, sight and hearts will all be questioned." (17:36) Allah says, "He knows the eyes,' deceit and what people's breasts conceal," (40:19) and He says, "Your Lord is always lying in wait." (89:14)
1622. Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Prescribed for the son of Adam is his portion of adultery which he must inevitably acquire. The adultery of the eyes is the glance. The adultery of the ears is listening. The adultery of the tongue is speech. The adultery of the hand is the grasp. The adultery of the foot is the step. The heart yearns and desires. The genitals either confirm this or deny it." [Agreed upon]
1623. Abu Sa'id al-Khudri reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Beware of sitting in the roadways." They said, "Messenger of Allah. we must have places where we can sit and talk together." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If you must sit there, then give the roadway its rights." They asked, "What are the rights of the roadway, Messenger of Allah?" He said, "Lowering the eye, refraining from causing annoyance, returning the greeting, commanding the right and forbidding the wrong." [Agreed upon]
1624. Abu Talha Zayd ibn Sahl said, "We were sitting in the area in front of the house, talking there, when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came and stood over us and said, 'What have you to do with roadside gatherings. Avoid roadside gatherings!' We said, 'We have only sat down to do something which has no harm in it. We were merely conferring and conversing.' He said. 'If you must do it, then give it the rights which are due to it: lowering the eyes, returning the greeting and speaking well.'" [Muslim]
1625. Jarir said, "I asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about the unintentional glance. He said, 'Avert your eyes.'" [Muslim]
1626. Umm Salama said, "I was with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when Maymuna was with him. Ibn Umm Maktum came, and that was after we had been commanded to veil ourselves. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Veil yourselves from him.' We said, 'But Messenger of Allah, is he not blind and therefore not able to see us or recognise us?' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Are you two blind? Do you not see him?'" [Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi]
1627. Abu Sa'id reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A man should not look at another man's private parts nor a woman at another woman's private parts. Two men should not lie naked under the same cover nor two women under the same cover." [Muslim]
291. Chapter: On the prohibition against being alone with an unrelated woman
Allah Almighty says, "When you ask his wives for something ask them from behind a screen." (33:53)
1628. 'Uqba ibn 'Amir reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Beware of visiting women!" A man of the Ansar said, "What do you think about in-laws?" He said, "In-laws are death!" [Agreed upon]
1629. Ibn 'Abbas reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "None of you should be on your own with a woman unless there is a close relative of hers present (dhu mahram)." [Agreed upon]
1630. Burayda reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The inviolability of the women of those doing jihad with respect to those who stay behind is like the inviolability of your mothers. Any man who stays behind looking after the family of one of the fighters and then betrays him in respect of them, will have to stand before him on the Day of Rising and he will take from him any of his good actions he wishes until he is satisfied." Then the Messenger of Allah , may Allah bless him and grant him peace, turned to us and said, "What do you think about that!'" [Muslim]
292. Chapter: On forbidding men trying to look like women and women trying to look like men in clothing, movements, etc.
1631. Ibn 'Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, cursed effeminate men and masculine women."
In one variant, "The Messenger of Allah cursed men who made themselves look like women and women who made themselves look like men." [al-Bukhari]
1632. Abu Hurayra said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, cursed any man who wears women's clothes and any woman who wears men's clothes." [Abu Dawud]
1633. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "There are two categories among the people of the Fire that I have not seen: a people who have whips like the tails of cattle with which they beat people, and women who are both dressed and naked, who are deviant and make others deviant. Their heads resemble the humps of Bactrian camels. They will not enter the Garden nor even smell its scent, and its scent can be discerned at such-and-such a distance." [Muslim]
The meaning of "dressed" is having Allah's blessing and "naked" is lacking thankfulness for it. It is said that it means that they cover part of their body and expose part of it to display their beauty. It is said that they wear thin garments which show the body, "Deviant" means that they decline to obey Allah and what they are commanded to guard. "Making others deviant" means that they teach others to behave like them. It is said that "deviant" actually means to walk in a conceited manner, swinging the shoulders. It is also said that it refers to hairstyle used by prostitutes. "Their heads resemble the humps of Bactrian camels" refers to making them large by turbans and the like."
293. Chapter: On the prohibition against being like Shaytan and the unbelievers
1634. Jabir reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do not eat with the left hand. Shaytan eats and drinks with the left hand." [Muslim]
1635. Ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "None of you should eat with his left hand nor drink with it. Shaytan eats with his left hand and drinks with it." [Muslim]
1636. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The Jews and Christians do not dye, so do the opposite of them." [Agreed upon]
What is meant is dyeing white hair and the beard yellow or red, Black is forbidden as will be mentioned.
294. Chapter: On the prohibition against a man or woman dyeing their hair black
1637. Jabir said, "Abu Quhafa, the father of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, was brought on the day of the conquest of Makka with his head and beard pure white. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Change this, but avoid black.'" [Muslim]
295. Chapter: On the prohibition against shaving only part of the head and the permission for a man, but not a woman to shave it all
1638. Ibn 'Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade shaving part of the head." [Agreed upon]
1639. Ibn 'Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw a boy who had shaved part of his hair and left part of it and he forbade that, saying, 'Shave it all or leave it all.'" [Abu Dawud]
1640. 'Abdullah ibn Ja'far reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, delayed going to the family of Ja'far for three days and then he came to them and said, "Do not weep for my brother after today.' Then he said, 'Summon my brother's children for me.' We were brought as if we were chicks. He said, 'Call a barber for me.' He instructed him to shave our heads." [Abu Dawud]
1641. 'Ali said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade a woman to shave her head." [an-Nasa'i]
296. Chapter: On forbidding joining on false hair, tattooing, and filing the teeth
Allah Almighty says, "What they call on apart from Him are female idols. What they call on is an arrogant shaytan whom Allah has cursed. He said, 'I will take a certain fixed proportion of Your slaves. I will lead them astray and fill them with false hopes. I will command them and they will cut off cattle's ears. I will command them and they will change Allah¹s creation.'" (W4:116-118; H4:117-118)
1642. Asma' reported that a woman asked the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "O Messenger of Allah, my daughter was afflicted by measles and her hair fell out. I have given her in marriage, can I join on other hair to hers?" He said, "Allah has cursed anyone who joins hair together and the person to whose hair it is joined." [Agreed upon]
One variant has, "The woman who joins hair and the woman who asks for it to be done."
The like of it is related from 'A'isha. [Agreed upon]
1643. Humayd ibn 'Abdu'r-Rahman reported that he heard Mu'awiya on the minbar in the year when he made pilgrimage. He took a bunch of hair which was in the hand of a guard and said, "O people of Madina! Where are your men of knowledge? I heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbid the like of this and say, 'The tribe of Israel was destroyed when their women adopted this.'" [Agreed upon]
1644. Ibn 'Umar reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, cursed anyone who joins hair together and the person asks for it to be joined, and the tattooer and the woman who is tattooed. [Agreed upon]
1645. Ibn Mas'ud said, "Allah curses women who tattoo and are tattoed, women who pluck their eyebrows, and women who file their teeth to make gaps for beauty, altering Allah's creation!" A woman spoke to him about that and he said, "Why should I not curse those the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, cursed when that is in the Book of Allah? Allah Almighty says, 'So take what the Messenger assigns to you, and deny yourselves that which he withholds from you.' (59:7)" [Agreed upon]
297. Chapter: On the prohibition against plucking out white hair from the beard and head, and against a young man plucking out the hair of his beard when it first appears
1646. 'Amr ibn Shu'ayb reported from his grandfather that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do not pluck out white hair. It will be the light of a Muslim on the Day of Rising." [at-Tirmidhi]
1647. 'A'isha reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who does an action which we have not commanded will be rejected." [Muslim]
298. Chapter: On it being disliked to clean oneself in the lavatory with the right hand and to touch the genitals with the right hand for no reason
1648. Abu Qatada reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When one of you urinates, he should not hold his private part with his right hand nor should he cleanse with his right hand, and he should not breathe into a (drinking) vessel." [Agreed upon]
299. Chapter: On it being disliked to walk in only one shoe or sock for no reason, and on it being disliked to put on shoes and socks while standing for no reason
1649. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "None of you should walk wearing only one sandal. You should wear both of them or leave both of them off." [Agreed upon]
In one variant, "Or take them both off."
1650. Abu Hurayra said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'When the strap of the sandal of one of you breaks, he should not walk wearing the other until he has mended it.'" [Muslim]
1651. Jabir reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade a man to do up his sandals standing up. [Abu Dawud]
300. Chapter: On the prohibition against leaving a fire and the like burning, whether in a lamp or anything else, when going to sleep
1652. Ibn 'Umar reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do not leave fire burning in your houses when you sleep." [Agreed upon]
1653. Abu Musa said, "A house burned down with its inhabitants in Madina one night and when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was informed about it, he said, 'Fire is an enemy to you. When you go to sleep, put it out.'" [Agreed upon]
1654. Jabir reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Cover up containers and tie up water-skins. Lock the door and put out the lamp. Shaytan does not open up a water-container, open a door nor remove a cover. If one of you can find nothing except a piece of food to place over his container together with mentioning Allah's name, he should do that. A mouse can set a house alight around its inhabitants." [Muslim]
301. Chapter: On the prohibition of affectation, which are words and actions which are without benefit
Allah Almighty says, "Say, 'I do not ask you for any wage for it, for am I a man of false pretensions." (38:86)
1655. Ibn 'Umar said, "We were forbidden affectation." [al-Bukhari]
1656. Masruq said, "We visited 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud and he said, 'O people! Whoever knows something should say it. Whoever does not know, should say, "Allah knows best." Part of knowledge is that you say about what you do not know, "Allah knows best." Allah Almighty said to His Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "Say, 'I do not ask you for any wage for it, for am I a man of false pretensions." (38:86)'" [al-Bukhari]
302. Chapter: On forbidding wailing over the dead, slapping the cheeks, tearing the shirt, pulling out the hair and shaving it, and against praying for destruction
1657. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said, "The dead person is punished in his grave for the wailing done over him." [Agreed upon]
1658. Ibn Mas'ud reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Someone who strikes his cheeks, tears his garments and calls out the cries of the Jahiliyya is not one of us." [Agreed upon]
1659. Abu Burda said, "Abu Musa was ill and fainted. His head was in the lap of one of the women of his family and he was unable to reply to anything. When he came to, he said, 'I declare myself free of those from whom the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, declared himself free.' The Messenger of Allah declared himself free from women who slap their faces, shave their heads and tear their clothes." [Agreed upon]
1660. al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "Anyone who is wailed over is punished by the wailing over him on the Day of Rising.'" [Agreed upon]
1661. Umm 'Atiyya Nusayba said, "At the time of the oath of allegiance, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, imposed on us that we should not wail." [Agreed upon]
1662. An-Nu'man ibn Bashir said, "'Abdullah ibn Rawaha fainted and his sister began to weep and say, 'What a paragon he was!' and this and that, repeating them. When he recovered consciousness, he said, 'You did not say anything without it being said to me, "Are you really like that?"'" [al-Bukhari]
1663. Ibn 'Umar said, "Sa'd ibn 'Ubada fell ill and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came to visit him with 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn 'Awf, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas and 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud. When he arrived, he found him in a stupor and said, 'Has he died?' They said, 'No, Messenger of Allah.' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wept. When the people saw the Prophet weeping, they wept. He said, 'Listen, Allah does not punish on account of the tears of the eyes nor for the grief of the heart, but he punishes or shows mercy on account of this,' and he pointed to his tongue.'" [Agreed upon]
1664. Abu Malik al-Ash'ari said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When someone who wails fails to repent before she dies, she will be raised up on the Day of Rising with trousers of tar and a mangy chemise." [Muslim]
1665. Usayd ibn Abi Usayd at-Tabi'i from one of the women who gave homage who said, "Among the things the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, made us agree to regarding correct behaviour in respect of which we promised not to disobey him were not scratching our faces nor wailing nor tearing our shirts nor pulling out our hair." [Abu Dawud]
1666. Abu Musa reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "There is no one who dies whose mourners then stand and say, 'O chief! O master!' or similar things without two angels being delegated to him to prod him in the chest saying, "Were you really like that?'" [at-Tirmidhi]
1667. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Two things people do have disbelief in them: attacking lineage and wailing over the dead." [Muslim]
303. Chapter: The prohibition against going to soothsayers, astrologers, diviners and looking for omens
1668. 'A'isha said, "Some people asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about soothsayers, and he said, 'They have nothing.' They said, 'O Messenger of Allah, they tell us something about those of us who are alive and then it sometimes comes true.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'That is a word of truth which a jinn got hold of and then cast into the ear of his helper, but they mix a hundred lies with it.'" [Agreed upon]
In a variant of al-Bukhari, 'A'isha heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "The angels descend into the clouds mentioning something which has been decreed in heaven. Then Shaytan eavesdrops and hears it and then reveals it to the soothsayers. Along with it, they tell a hundred lies from themselves."
1669. Safiyya bint Abi 'Ubayd reported from one of the wives of the Prophet, from that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If anyone goes to a diviner and asks about something and believes it, his prayer will not be accepted for forty days." [Muslim]
1670. Qabisa ibn al-Mukhariq said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Divining, augury and taking omens from the flight of birds are part of idolatry.'" [Abu Dawud]
1671. Ibn 'Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Anyone who takes knowledge from the stars, takes a branch of sorcery and his sorcery increases according to the amount of knowledge he gains.'" [Abu Dawud]
1672. Mu'awiya ibn al-Hakam said, "I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, I was recently in the state of Jahiliyya and then Allah Almighty brought Islam, but there are still men among us who go to soothsayers.' He said, 'Do not go to them.' I said, "There are still men among us who look for omens.' He said, 'That is something which they find in their breasts. They should not be influenced by them.' I said, 'There are men among us who draw divining lines.' He said, 'One of the Prophets used to draw lines. Whoever has his lines coincide, that is that.'" [Muslim]
1673. Abu Mas'ud al-Badri reported that the Messenger of Allah forbade the proceeds from the sale of dogs, money earned through prostitution and the earnings of a soothsayer. [Agreed upon]
304. Chapter: On the prohibition against believing in bad omens
1674. Anas reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "There is no infection and there are no bad omens, although I am pleased by a good omen." They said, "What is a good omen?" He said, "A good word."[Agreed upon]
1675. Ibn 'Umar reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "There is no infection and there are no bad omens. If there is bad luck in anything, it is in houses, women and horses."[Agreed upon]
1676. Burayda said that the Prophet did not look for omens. [Abu Dawud]
1677. 'Urwa ibn 'Amir said, "Divination was mentioned in the presence of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He said, "The best of it is omens, but they do not deter a Muslim. If one of you sees something he dislikes, he should say, 'O Allah, none but You can bring good things and none but You can repel evil things. There is no power nor strength except by You.'" [Abu Dawud]
305. Chapter: On the prohibition against depicting living creatures on rugs, stones, clothes, dirhams, cushions, dinars, pillows, etc. The prohibition against putting images on walls, curtains, turbans, clothes, etc. The command to efface images
1678. Ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Those who make images will be punished on the Day of Rising. They will be told, 'Bring to life what you have created.'" [Agreed upon]
1679. 'A'isha said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came from a journey and I had screened off a shelf of mine with a curtain which had some figures on it. When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw it, he ripped it down and his face changed colour. He said, ''A'isha, the people with the worst punishment with Allah on the Day of Rising will be those who make things like Allah's creation.'" She said, "So we cut it up and made one or two cushions from it." [Agreed upon]
1680. Ibn 'Abbas said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Everyone who makes images will have a soul appointed for him in the Fire for every image he made and it will punish him in the Fire.'" Ibn 'Abbas said, "If you must do it, then make trees or anything else which is inanimate." [Agreed upon]
1681. Ibn 'Abbas said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Anyone who makes an image in this world, will be obliged to breathe life into it on the Day of Rising, and he will never breathe life into it.'" [Agreed upon]
1682. Ibn Mas'ud said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Allah Almighty says, 'The people with the worst punishment on the Day of Rising will be those who made images."'" [Agreed upon]
1683. Abu Hurayra said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Allah Almighty says, "Who does a greater wrong than someone who goes about creating in imitation of My creation? Let them see if they can create an ant or create a single grain or create a barley seed!"'" [Agreed upon]
1684. Abu Talha reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Angels do not enter a house in which there is a dog or an image." [Agreed upon]
1685. Ibn 'Umar said, "Jibril promised the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he would come to him but he was slow in coming and that was hard on the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He went out and Jibril met him and he complained to him. He said, 'We do not enter a house in which there is a dog or an image." [al-Bukhari]
1686. 'A'isha said, "Jibril, peace be upon him, made an arrangement with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for a time when he would come. That hour came but he did not come." She said, "He had a staff in his hand and cast it from his hand, saying, 'Neither does Allah break His promise nor do His Messengers." Then he turned round and there was a puppy dog under his seat. He said, 'When did this dog come in?" I said, 'By Allah, I was not aware of it.' He commanded that it be taken out and then Jibril, peace be upon him, came to him and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'You made an arrangement with me and I sat waiting for you but you did not come.' He said, 'The dog which was in your house prevented me. We do not enter a house in which there is a dog or an image.'" [Muslim]
1687. Abu'l-Hayyaj Hayyan ibn Husayn said, "'Ali ibn Abi Talib said to me, 'Shall I send you with the same instructions with which the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent me? Do not go past a picture without obliterating it nor an elevated grave without levelling it.'" [Muslim]
306. Chapter: The prohibition against keeping a dog except for hunting, herding or farming
1688. Ibn 'Umar said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'If anyone acquires a dog - except one for hunting or herding - his reward is decreased by two qirats every day.'" [Agreed upon]
1689. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Someone who keeps a dog loses a qirat of his actions every day - unless it is a farm dog or cattle dog.". [Agreed upon]
In a variant of Muslim, "If anyone acquires a dog which is not for hunting, herds or the earth, his reward is decreased by two qirats every day."
307. Chapter: On it being disliked to hang bells from camels and other animals, and it being disliked to be accompanied by a dog or bell in a journey
1690. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The angels do not keep the company of any group in which there is a dog or a bell." [Muslim]
1691. Abu Hurayra said, "Bells are the flutes of Shaytan." [Muslim]
308. Chapter: On it being disliked to ride a camel that eats dung. If it then eats pure fodder and its flesh is wholesome, then the dislike is removed
1692. Ibn 'Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade riding camels that eat dung." [Muslim]
309. Chapter: The prohibition against spitting in the mosque and the command to remove spit from it when it is found there. The command to keep the mosque free of impurities
1693. Anas reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Spitting in the mosque is a wrong action and its expiation is to bury it." [Agreed upon]
What is meant by burying it is to cover it with earth when the floor of the mosque consists of dirt, sand or the like. Abu'l-Mahasin ar-Ruyani, one of our companions, said in his book, al-Bahr, "It is said that what is meant by 'burying it' is to remove it from the mosque. If the mosque is paved or whitewashed and he rubs it with his shoe or something else as many ignorant people do, that is not burying it. It is increasing the error and the amount of filth in the mosque. After that the person who did that should wipe it with a cloth or his hand or something else or wash it,"
1694. 'A'isha reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw some mucous, spittle or phlegm on the wall of the qibla and he scraped it off. [Agreed upon]
1695. Anas reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "These mosques are not a suitable place for any of this urine or filth. They are for remembrance of Allah Almighty and reciting the Qur'an," or as the Messenger of Allah said. [Muslim]
310. Chapter: On it being disliked to argue in the mosque or to raise voices there, announce a lost animal, buy and sell, rent and other transactions
1696. Abu Hurayra heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "Anyone who hears a man asking about an animal he has lost in the mosque should say, 'May Allah not restore it to you. Mosques were not built for this." [Muslim]
1697. Abu Hurayra reported that Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When you see someone buying or selling in the mosque, then say, 'May Allah not give you any profit in your trading.' When you see someone asking there about a lost animal, then say, 'May Allah not restore it to you.'" [at-Tirmidhi]
1698. Burayda said that a man made an announcement in the mosque saying, "Who will find the red camel for me?' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "May you not find it. The mosques were only built for what they were built for." [Muslim]
1699. 'Amr ibn Shu'ayb reported from his grandfather that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade buying and selling in the mosque and for a lost animal to be asked about in it or for poetry to be recited in it." [Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi]
1700. As-Sa'ib ibn Yazid the Companion said, "Once when I was standing in the mosque, a man threw some stones at me. I looked and it was 'Umar ibn al-Khattab. He said, 'Go and bring those two men to me.' I brought them and he said, 'Who are you two?' or 'Where are you from?' They said, 'From the people of at-Ta'if.' He said, 'If you were from the people of this city, I would have punished you. You were raising your voices in the mosque of the Messenger of Allah.'" [al-Bukhari]
311. Chapter: On the prohibition against entering the mosque for the one who eats eating garlic, onions, leeks, and other things which have an objectionable smell until its smell departs, except in case of necessity
1701. Ibn 'Umar reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said during the expedition to Khaybar, "Anyone who eats any of this plant, i.e. garlic, should not come near our mosque." [Agreed upon]
In a variant of Muslim, "our mosques."
1702. Anas reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who has eaten any of this plant, should not come near us or pray with us." [Agreed upon]
1703. Jabir reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who eats garlic and onions should keep away from us (or he said, "should keep away from our mosque") [Agreed upon]
1704. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab reported that on the Day of Jumu'a he gave an address in which he said, "Then you, O people, eat two plants which I only see as having a foul smell: onions and garlic. I saw that when Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, smelt them coming from a man in the mosque, he commanded him to go out, and he was taken out to al-Baqi'. Anyone who eats them should kill them through cooking." [Muslim]
312. Chapter: On it being disliked to sit with the legs up on the day of Jumu'a while the Imam was giving the khutba because that makes one sleepy and he will not miss properly to the khutba and he might break wudu'
1705. Mu'adh ibn Anas al-Juhani reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade people to sit with their legs up against their chest on the day of Jumu'a while the Imam was giving the khutba." [Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi]
313. Chapter: When someone wants to sacrifice on the tenth of Dhu'l-Hijja, he is prohibited from cutting any of his hair or nails until he has sacrificed
1706. Umm Salama reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If anyone has an animal to sacrifice and the new moon of Dhu'l-Hijja comes, he should not cut his hair or nails until he has sacrificed." [Muslim]
314. Chapter: The prohibition against swearing by a creature like the Prophet, the Ka'ba, the angels, heaven, fathers, life, the spirit, the head, the life of the Sultan, the blessing of the Sultan, one's land, and trustworthiness. It is the strongest possible prohibition
1707. Ibn 'Umar reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Allah Almighty forbids you to swear an oath by your fathers. If someone swears an oath, he should swear by Allah or be silent." [Agreed upon]
1708. 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn Samura reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Do not swear by idols or by your fathers." [Muslim]
1709. Burayda reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who swears by trustworthiness is not one of us." [Abu Dawud]
1710. Burayda reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If anyone swears an oath saying, 'I am no longer a Muslim [if I am not speaking the truth],' if he is lying, it is as he said and if he is speaking the truth, he will not return to Islam unblemished." [Abu Dawud]
1711. Ibn 'Umar reported that he heard a man say, "No, by the Ka'ba." Ibn 'Umar said, "Do not swear by other than Allah. I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Anyone who swears by other than Allah has rejected - or associated.'" [at-Tirmidhi]
315. Chapter: On the strong prohibition against deliberate false oaths
1712. Ibn Mas'ud reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who swears an oath to get hold of some property belonging to a Muslim to which he has no right will meet Allah and find Him angry with him." Then the Messenger of Allah may Allah bless him and grant him peace, recited to us confirmation of this from the Book of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, "Those Allah 's contract and their own oaths for a paltry price..." to the end of the ayat (3:77). [Agreed upon]
1713. Abu Umama Iyas ibn Tha'laba al-Harithi reported that the Messenger of Allah may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If anyone cuts off the right of a Muslim man by an oath he makes, Allah has made the Fire mandatory for him and forbidden him the Garden.' A man said to him, 'Even if it is something insignificant, Messenger of Allah?' He said, 'Even if it is only a piece of arak-stick.'" [Muslim]
1714. 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As reported that the Prophet may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The major sins are: associating something else with Allah, disobedience to parents, murder and making false oaths." [al-Bukhari]
In one variant, a bedouin came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, "Messenger of Allah, what are the major sins?" He said, "Associating something else with Allah." He said, "Then what?" He said, "Making false oaths." I said, "What is a false oath." He said, "That by which the property of a Muslim man is misappropriated," meaning that someone lies in the oath.
316. Chapter: On the recommendation for someone who has sworn an oath and then sees something better than it to do what he swore he swore he would not do and expiate the oath
1715. 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn Samura said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, told me, 'When you swear an oath [to do something] and you think that something else is better than it, then do the thing which is better and expiate your oath.'" [Agreed upon]
1716. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Anyone who swears an oath and then sees something better than it, should expiate his oath and do the thing which is better." [Muslim]
1717. Abu Musa reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "By Allah, if Allah wills, I will never make an oath and then see something better than it without doing expiation for my oath and doing the thing that is better." [Agreed upon]
1718. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "That one of you should persist in his oath in respect of his family is more sinful for you in the sight of Allah Almighty than him performing the expiation which Allah has prescribed for it." [Agreed upon]
317. Chapter: On minor oaths being of no consequence and not entailing expiation. That is what one says unintentionally like, "No, by Allah" and "Yes, by Allah."
Allah Almighty says, "Allah does not take you to task for your inadvertent oaths, but He will take you to task for oaths you make intentionally. The expiation in that case is to feed ten poor people with the average amount you feed your family, or to clothe them, or to free a slave. Anyone without the means to do so should fast three days. That is the expiation for breaking oaths when you have sworn them. Keep to your oaths." (W5:91; H5:89)
1719. 'A'isha said, "This ayat, 'Allah will not call you to account for what is futile in your oaths,' was sent down about when a man says, 'No, by Allah,' and 'Yes, by Allah.'"
318. Chapter: On it being disliked to use oaths when selling, even if it true
1720. Abu Hurayra said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Making oaths hastens the sale of goods but eradicates the blessings.'" [Agreed upon]
1721. Abu Qatada reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "Beware of making a lot of oaths in respect of sales. It hastens them and then wipes them out." [Muslim]